Section 2
The 19 resources in this branch
Each entry states what the resource contributes, what grounds it, whether a live page exists, the resources most like it within this set, and the connections that run beyond it.
Learning Experience Architecture
The five-phase rhythm — Why · See · Try · Share · Reflect
Published resource
The end-to-end arc a learner moves through, designed as one coherent journey rather than a sequence of modules. It is the organizing spine of the experience work, and the frame every other contribution on this branch extends.
Grounding. Experiential learning (Kolb); the Why→See→Try→Share→Reflect rhythm
Read the Learning Experience Architecture resource
Sources
- Reference 1: Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Prentice Hall (2nd ed., Pearson, 2015).
- Reference 2: Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (Eds.). (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School (Expanded ed.). National Academy Press.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Designing for Motivation & Relevance
Why adult learners engage — or quietly disengage
Practised · resource in development
Anchoring learning to a learner's real circumstances and existing expertise before content is introduced, so relevance and autonomy carry the motivational work. It addresses the most common reason programs fall short: attention and completion that quietly decline.
Grounding. Self-Determination Theory (Ryan & Deci)
Sources
- Reference 3: Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). “Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being.” American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Managing Cognitive Load
Learning that working memory can hold
Practised · resource in development
Chunking, sequencing, worked examples, and multimedia principles that keep dense material within the limits of attention and memory. It matters most where content is genuinely complex, as in research and health settings.
Grounding. Cognitive Load Theory (Sweller); Multimedia Learning (Mayer)
Sources
- Reference 4: Sweller, J. (1988). “Cognitive Load During Problem Solving: Effects on Learning.” Cognitive Science, 12(2), 257–285. See also Sweller, Ayres & Kalyuga, Cognitive Load Theory (Springer, 2011).
- Reference 5: Mayer, R. E. (2009). Multimedia Learning (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Experiential Learning Infrastructure
Learning by doing, built to last
Published resource
The conditions and structures that let adult learners practise, make consequential mistakes, and build capability through experience rather than exposure. It treats error as a designed source of feedback, not a failure of instruction.
A resource in two areas. Its home is Learning Experience Design, and it is also part of the Learning Systems Design set.
Grounding. Experiential learning (Kolb); retrieval practice & desirable difficulties (Bjork)
Read the Experiential Learning Infrastructure resource
Sources
- Reference 1: Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development. Prentice Hall (2nd ed., Pearson, 2015).
- Reference 6: Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (2011). “Making Things Hard on Yourself, but in a Good Way: Creating Desirable Difficulties to Enhance Learning.” In Psychology and the Real World. Worth Publishers.
- Reference 7: Roediger, H. L., & Karpicke, J. D. (2006). “Test-Enhanced Learning: Taking Memory Tests Improves Long-Term Retention.” Psychological Science, 17(3), 249–255.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Learning Community Design & Facilitation
Peer learning and communities of practice
Published resource
Designing the social layer of learning — structured peer exchange, collaborative sense-making, and communities of practice that let expertise circulate rather than sit in silos. It is also the capability that sustains evidence use in knowledge mobilization.
A resource in two areas. Its home is Learning Experience Design, and it is also part of the Learning Systems Design set.
Grounding. Zone of proximal development (Vygotsky); communities of practice (Wenger)
Read the Learning Community Design & Facilitation resource
Sources
- Reference 8: Wenger, E. (1998). Communities of Practice: Learning, Meaning, and Identity. Cambridge University Press.
- Reference 9: Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Harvard University Press.
- Reference 10: Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University Press.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Designing for Reflection & Transfer
Making learning adapt to new situations
Practised · resource in development
Reflection and metacognition designed in, so learners can make what they have learned their own and re-deploy it in situations the designer could not anticipate. It is the experience-level form of closing the distance between knowing and doing.
Grounding. Metacognition (Flavell); reflective practice (Schön); Bransford et al.
Sources
- Reference 11: Flavell, J. H. (1979). “Metacognition and Cognitive Monitoring: A New Area of Cognitive–Developmental Inquiry.” American Psychologist, 34(10), 906–911.
- Reference 12: Schön, D. A. (1983). The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action. Basic Books.
- Reference 2: Bransford, J. D., Brown, A. L., & Cocking, R. R. (Eds.). (2000). How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School (Expanded ed.). National Academy Press.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Learner Research: Human-Centred Design
Understanding learners before designing for them
Practised · resource in development · evidence in hand
UX research applied to learning — interviews, empathy mapping, personas, journey mapping, and synthesis — so programs are grounded in who learners actually are rather than who they are assumed to be. At organizational scale, the same inquiry becomes needs analysis.
A resource in two areas. Its home is Learning Experience Design, and it is also part of the Learning Systems Design set.
Grounding. Human-centred design; UX research methods
Sources
- Reference 13: Norman, D. A. (2013). The Design of Everyday Things (Revised and Expanded ed.). Basic Books.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Assessment & Feedback as Experience
Feedback that drives learning, not anxiety
Practised · resource in development
Designing assessment and feedback as part of the learning itself — authentic tasks, timely formative feedback, and productive challenge — rather than as a terminal measurement. It works alongside barrier removal, but is a distinct concern.
Grounding. Authentic assessment (Wiggins & McTighe); feedback research
Sources
- Reference 14: Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by Design (Expanded 2nd ed.). ASCD.
- Reference 15: Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). “The Power of Feedback.” Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81–112.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Backward Design in Practice
Aligning outcomes, assessment, and activity
Practised · resource in development
Holding a single learning experience coherent by starting from the intended outcome, then the evidence of it, then the activity — so nothing in the experience is arbitrary. It answers a recurring need in program and accreditation contexts.
Grounding. Backward design (Wiggins & McTighe)
Sources
- Reference 14: Wiggins, G., & McTighe, J. (2005). Understanding by Design (Expanded 2nd ed.). ASCD.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Testing & Iterating the Experience
Usability methods for learning
Practised · resource in development · evidence in hand
Treating a learning experience as something to be tested with real learners and improved — usability testing, beta cycles, and quality assurance — before and after it is delivered. It is the formative counterpart to downstream impact evaluation.
Grounding. Usability testing; System Usability Scale
Sources
- Reference 16: Brooke, J. (1996). “SUS: A ‘Quick and Dirty’ Usability Scale.” In P. W. Jordan et al. (Eds.), Usability Evaluation in Industry. Taylor & Francis.
- Reference 13: Norman, D. A. (2013). The Design of Everyday Things (Revised and Expanded ed.). Basic Books.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Studio and Workshop Pedagogy
Teaching in a space where the work is made
Practised · resource not yet written
Learning organized around production in a shared, equipped space: demonstration, supervised practice, progressive release of independence, and authorization to work unaccompanied once competence is shown. It is among the oldest teaching structures in the professions, and the reflective practicum was theorised from it, yet little of its method has been carried into mainstream design practice.
Grounding. Reflective practicum (Schön); signature pedagogies (Shulman); cognitive apprenticeship (Collins, Brown & Newman); craft (Sennett)
Sources
- Reference 17: Schön, D. A. (1987). Educating the Reflective Practitioner: Toward a New Design for Teaching and Learning in the Professions. Jossey-Bass.
- Reference 18: Shulman, L. S. (2005). “Signature Pedagogies in the Professions.” Daedalus, 134(3), 52–59.
- Reference 19: Collins, A., Brown, J. S., & Newman, S. E. (1989). “Cognitive Apprenticeship: Teaching the Crafts of Reading, Writing, and Mathematics.” In L. B. Resnick (Ed.), Knowing, Learning, and Instruction. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Reference 20: Sennett, R. (2008). The Craftsman. Yale University Press.
- Reference 10: Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University Press.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
The Critique as an Assessment Form
Public, spoken feedback, designed well
Practised · resource not yet written
The critique gives feedback in front of peers, in the presence of the work, and develops the ability to discuss one's own practice — something no written rubric produces. Designing it well means stating the criteria beforehand, structuring who speaks and in what order, protecting time so later work is heard as fully as earlier work, and providing a written record so the session is usable afterwards.
Grounding. Art and design pedagogy (Orr & Shreeve); feedback (Hattie & Timperley); construct-irrelevant barriers (Messick)
Sources
- Reference 21: Orr, S., & Shreeve, A. (2018). Art and Design Pedagogy in Higher Education: Knowledge, Values and Ambiguity in the Creative Curriculum. Routledge.
- Reference 15: Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). “The Power of Feedback.” Review of Educational Research, 77(1), 81–112.
- Reference 22: Messick, S. (1995). “Validity of Psychological Assessment: Validation of Inferences from Persons’ Responses and Performances as Scientific Inquiry into Score Meaning.” American Psychologist, 50(9), 741–749.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Materials, Tools and Equipment as Access Variables
What the work costs to make, and who can operate the machine
Practised · resource not yet written
In making-based programmes the material budget, the studio timetable and the physical demands of equipment shape who can fully take part. Costed material kits, consumable pools, timetabled access that accommodates commuting and caregiving, and equipment selected for reach, force and seated operation are the design responses, and they belong in the programme plan rather than in individual accommodation.
Grounding. Universal design (Center for Universal Design); scarcity and cognitive bandwidth (Mullainathan & Shafir); accessible environments
Sources
- Reference 23: Connell, B. R., Jones, M., Mace, R., Mueller, J., Mullick, A., Ostroff, E., Sanford, J., Steinfeld, E., Story, M., & Vanderheiden, G. (1997). The Principles of Universal Design, Version 2.0. Center for Universal Design, North Carolina State University.
- Reference 24: Mullainathan, S., & Shafir, E. (2013). Scarcity: Why Having Too Little Means So Much. Times Books.
- Reference 25: CAST (2024). Universal Design for Learning Guidelines, version 3.0.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Designing For and Within Practice-Based Research
When the work made is part of the finding
Practised · resource not yet written
Research-creation and practice-led inquiry produce knowledge through making, which changes how a project is scoped, supervised, documented and examined. Designing learning in these settings means building documentation into production rather than reconstructing it afterwards, and making the criteria for a practice-based contribution explicit to everyone assessing it.
A resource in two areas. Its home is Learning Experience Design, and it is also part of the Epistemology set.
Grounding. Practice as research (Barrett & Bolt); knowing-how (Ryle); tacit knowledge (Polanyi; Collins)
Sources
- Reference 26: Barrett, E., & Bolt, B. (Eds.). (2010). Practice as Research: Approaches to Creative Arts Enquiry. I.B. Tauris.
- Reference 27: Ryle, G. (1949). The Concept of Mind. Hutchinson — the source of the knowing-how and knowing-that distinction.
- Reference 28: Polanyi, M. (1958). Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. University of Chicago Press.
- Reference 29: Collins, H. (2010). Tacit and Explicit Knowledge. University of Chicago Press.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Partnered Studio and Client Projects
An external partner, a live brief, and learners in the middle
Practised · resource not yet written
Projects run with an industry, community or institutional partner give learners real constraints and real audiences. Holding the educational purpose steady alongside the partner's needs calls for an agreement settled in advance: scope and timeline, ownership of what is produced, consent and credit for participants, and a defined position if the brief changes mid-project.
Grounding. Work-integrated learning (Billett); situated learning; research ethics (TCPS 2)
Sources
- Reference 30: Billett, S. (2009). “Realising the Educational Worth of Integrating Work Experiences in Higher Education.” Studies in Higher Education, 34(7), 827–843.
- Reference 10: Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University Press.
- Reference 31: Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, & Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (2022). Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans — TCPS 2 (2022).
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
The Workplace Partner Who Does Most of the Teaching
Supervisors as the largest and least supported teaching group
Practised · resource not yet written
In placements, co-ops and practicums the day-to-day teaching is done by workplace supervisors whose primary role is something else. Supporting them well is a design problem in its own right: a short and specific supervisor brief, a small number of structured moments in the placement, worked examples of useful feedback, and a named contact when a situation exceeds the brief.
A resource in two areas. Its home is Learning Experience Design, and it is also part of the Learning Systems Design set.
Grounding. Work-integrated learning (Billett; CEWIL Canada); building design capability in non-designers
Sources
- Reference 30: Billett, S. (2009). “Realising the Educational Worth of Integrating Work Experiences in Higher Education.” Studies in Higher Education, 34(7), 827–843.
- Reference 32: Co-operative Education and Work-Integrated Learning Canada (CEWIL Canada). Work-Integrated Learning definitions and quality principles.
- Reference 10: Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge University Press.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Placement Quality as a Design Variable
What distinguishes a strong placement from a filled one
Practised · resource not yet written
Placement quality can be specified rather than hoped for: identified learning outcomes, graduated responsibility, scheduled feedback, exposure to more than one task, and a documented review at the midpoint while the term can still be adjusted. Making these explicit at the point of agreement gives every party the same expectations and gives the institution something to review against.
Grounding. Work-integrated learning quality principles (CEWIL Canada); Billett; constructive alignment (Biggs)
Sources
- Reference 32: Co-operative Education and Work-Integrated Learning Canada (CEWIL Canada). Work-Integrated Learning definitions and quality principles.
- Reference 30: Billett, S. (2009). “Realising the Educational Worth of Integrating Work Experiences in Higher Education.” Studies in Higher Education, 34(7), 827–843.
- Reference 33: Biggs, J. (1996). “Enhancing Teaching Through Constructive Alignment.” Higher Education, 32(3), 347–364.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Who Is Able to Take the Placement
Unpaid and unfunded experience as an access question
Practised · resource not yet written
Where placement is required for a credential and unpaid or unfunded, participation depends on financial circumstance, caregiving, transport and immigration status as much as on capability. Paid and funded placements, part-time and local options, remote arrangements and clear accommodation routes widen who can complete the requirement, and tracking who withdraws makes the pattern visible.
Grounding. Unpaid internships and access (Perlin); placement access (Meeks & Jain); equity-centred design
Sources
- Reference 34: Perlin, R. (2011). Intern Nation: How to Earn Nothing and Learn Little in the Brave New Economy. Verso.
- Reference 35: Meeks, L. M., & Jain, N. R. (2018). Accessibility, Inclusion, and Action in Medical Education: Lived Experiences of Learners and Physicians with Disabilities. Association of American Medical Colleges.
- Reference 36: Ladson-Billings, G. (1995). “Toward a Theory of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy.” American Educational Research Journal, 32(3), 465–491.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads
Designing for Embodied and Somatic Learning
The body as a site of the learning, not only its vehicle
Practised · resource not yet written
Some learning is held in movement, handling and sensation before it becomes available as description, and the design decisions follow from that: the room, the materials, the pacing, and how much is asked to be put into words at all. Work on grounded cognition, on the tacit dimension of knowing, and on what making does for thought gives this a basis, and connects the studio contributions on this branch to the trauma-informed practices held in the trunk.
Grounding. Grounded cognition (Barsalou); phenomenology of perception (Merleau-Ponty); tacit knowing (Polanyi); the arts and the creation of mind (Eisner)
Sources
- Reference 37: Barsalou, L. W. (2008). “Grounded Cognition.” Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617–645.
- Reference 38: Merleau-Ponty, M. (2012). Phenomenology of Perception (D. A. Landes, Trans.). Routledge. (Original work published 1945.)
- Reference 28: Polanyi, M. (1958). Personal Knowledge: Towards a Post-Critical Philosophy. University of Chicago Press.
- Reference 39: Eisner, E. W. (2002). The Arts and the Creation of Mind. Yale University Press.
Most related, by shared theory and theme
Connected contributions
Where this work leads